Reproduction and Breeding of Sturgeon
Introduction
Implementation of a monopoly economy and the encouragement of non-oil exports in the specific circumstances of the country is particularly important. In the field of non-oil exports, the importance of exporting those commodities that do not cause disruption in the domestic market is of secondary importance. In this regard, the production and export of sturgeon meat, compared to its low level in the domestic market, is considered with regard to the currency aspects of this product in international markets.
In our country, for the first time in 1301, Sturgeon were duplicated in the Gisom area of the Sefidrood River. Mass reproduction of sturgeon began with the construction of Shahid Beheshti Complex in 1351 with the capacity of 5 baby fishes.
After the Islamic Revolution in Iran, the Yousefpour Shadravan Center was built in 1364 in the 5 km from Shahid Beheshti Complex. Then Shahid Marjani breeding center in 1369, Shahid Rajaee center in 1374 with change from carp production to sturgeon production and Gorgan sturgeon center in 1375 were added to sturgeon production cycle in the country. Finally, with the establishment of the Center for Reproduction and Restoration of Sturgeon Sites in Kiashahr, Guilan Province, a total of six Sturgeon Reproduction Centers (Southern Caspian Basin) have been established in our country to reproduce and release sturgeon in order to restore their valuable fish stocks.
Applying the method of breeding all sturgeon in commercial production of sturgeon in artificial conditions that can meet the needs of the global market for their meat reduces the pressure on their fish stocks by fishing in the sea and in natural environments. They provide eggs and reproductive material and create livestock herds and artificial rearing of these fish with appropriate fisheries regulations and effective measures to improve the living conditions of these fishes in parallel with the above activities enabling the reproduction and conservation of genetic resources. In the natural environment.
Introducing Sturgeon
Sturgeons, which are one of the most valuable commercial fish in the world, have survived for more than 310 million years with adaptation to their habitat. In the past, these fish were scattered throughout the northern hemisphere but were confined to the Caspian, Azov, Ural and Black Sea due to habitat loss and ecological changes, as well as overfishing and … Although limited and scattered in Europe and the United States, species are also found. The Caspian Sea is considered to be the main habitat and habitat for sturgeon in the Caspian Sea. 90% of the world’s sturgeon catches occur in this sea.
But by all accounts, the rate of catch and harvest of caviar in the Caspian Sea has been the strongest downward trend in the past decade. Researchers and scholars have cited several reasons for the decline in sturgeon stocks in the Caspian Sea, most of which are attributed to the illegal fishing of the Caspian coastal states in the years following the collapse of the former Soviet Union.
However, if the current situation persists, the threat of sturgeon extinction is likely to come in the near future. Other reasons affecting the decline of the stocks of these valuable species include the destruction of natural spawning sites and the alteration of the water regime of the main rivers leading to the Caspian Sea, the construction of dams and bridges on the main rivers along the Caspian Sea and water use. Rivers pointed to agricultural uses and the introduction of various types of agricultural pesticides and urban pollution, as well as the production and release of fish for the purpose of restoring reserves in many former Soviet countries. Water pollution, destruction of ovarian zones, increased smuggling, development of oilfields and the above causes caused the catch in the Caspian Sea and its catchments to be less than 400 tons of meat from 28500 tons of meat and 3000 tons of caviar in 1365. And about 30 tons of caviar has arrived in 1388. For this reason, one of the most important solutions that scientists have recommended for preserving these valuable fish is to breed sturgeon during all the production, reproduction, breeding, meat production and even caviar in fish farms.
